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, by Jon Lee Anderson
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Produktinformation
Format: Kindle Ausgabe
Dateigröße: 5441 KB
Seitenzahl der Print-Ausgabe: 672 Seiten
Verlag: Grove Press; Auflage: Revised (20. April 2010)
Verkauf durch: Amazon Media EU S.Ã r.l.
Sprache: Englisch
ASIN: B003OYIFZQ
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Coming from a family of Latin American exiles, I was a bit skeptical of the book at first. But having read it, I can honestly say that you will not find a more honest appraisal about Guevara or the Cuban revolution in general.The book is a bit on the long side, with much attention given to Che's personal letters and speeches. (He was a prolific writer and speaker, though definitely on the long-winded and repetitive side). But the wealth of detail paints a grim picture of the man that is hard to refute.In his own circuitous way, Anderson peels away the veneer of myth and romanticism that has long overshadowed this infamous political leader and reveals the very flawed man who helped usher in the Castro regime. Che, far from the liberal progressive icon he would later become, was in life a cold, hard-nosed man with a penchant for violence and a wide authoritarian streak, the kind who wore his almost puritanical, ascetic devotion to Marxist dogma as a cloak of self-righteous authority that isolated him from friend and foe alike.Such martial attitudes were an asset to him in his guerilla campaigns, but as a leader in peacetime, that same brutal, uncompromising spirit served Cuba poorly. He was, for lack of a better word, a fanatic, one who felt a deep and abiding hatred of the US and his domestic political opponents that went much deeper than the historical injustices of the region and spoke more to his wounded sense of national pride and male machismo than to the mere redressing of societal wrongs. It was a quality that served him well in his early guerrilla campaigns, as leader of a ragtag group of insurgents, but which translated to poorly to civilian office. In remaking Cuban society, he sought to turn the island into a communist Sparta whose sole worthwhile goal was the impediment of America’s “imperialist†designs, a goal for which everything else, including the economic or individual freedoms of the average Cuban, was tragically secondary.This hard, unyielding stance put him at odds with Cuba’s other revolutionary figures, those who saw for Cuba a more democratic future that would have seen change come more slowly albeit in a manner that would not have put the country on such a disastrous collision course with the US. Unfortunately for Cuba (and for Latin America as a whole) it would be Che’s fanatic vision, more aligned with Castro’s innate caudillismo, that would ultimately prevail. Those who pushed for a freer society, many of whom displayed just as much bravery in the revolution against Batista, who would be shunted aside by Che’s overwhelming persona and forced to live in his shadow for the rest of their days. The result is that Cuba today remains an autocracy, and while it can be veritably argued that Che and Castro were not the worst of Latin America’s autocratic leaders, they were also hardly different.
As l write this, I am about half way through this exhaustive biography of one of the most fascinating characters of the 20th century. Batista has just fled the country and the rebels are about to take Havana. For someone who came of age in the '60s with a tendency to romanticize the Cuban Revolution, this book is a sobering reminder of what a dirty, ugly, bloody and often capricious business this kind of armed revolution can be. John Lee Anderson's long but eminently readable tome brings a whole host of characters to life -- Che's parents, his childhood friends, traveling companions, lovers, revolutionary comrades, and many others. In Cuba recently I heard, "If you think you know Cuba, you don't." To which I would add, vis a vis this book, If you think you know Che, you don't. Highly recommended.
The great strength of this book is also its biggest weakness: the enormous length. While serious students of the man and his times, wherever they stand, will find it extremely useful and interesting, those wanting a quick introduction to, or survey of, Che Guevara and his record might become overwhelmed. Nevertheless, Anderson's book is far more good than not as a resource. And it is quite readable for the ordinary reader who is willing to commit the extra time and focus required.(In honor of the book's length, this review is also painfully long.)Turning to content, accusations of bias against Anderson are certainly fair. The author clearly admires his subject and the consequent weaknesses from that admiration may confirm the old adage that "praise is the shipwreck of historians". Still, the book does not at all constitute a "whitewash". A careful reader with a liberal (in the broad sense) view will find enough in here to accurately condemn Ernesto "Che" Guevara for his distorted and profoundly disturbing worldviews, along with the violence and tyranny that the Argentina-raised, Cuba-naturalized revolutionary chose to nurture.On the positive side, Anderson's admiration did give him motivation and credibility to access very significant and fresh sources for the biography. Such material include family papers and former Soviet personages and documents. (The author's extensive personal investigative efforts also led to the finding of Che's burial location and remains.)The living Che we meet is well-drawn. And he is far from the rather silly counter-image currently being propagated in right-wing anti-Che circles. That simple-minded anti-Che image is of someone who is a sustained anti-black racist, a homophobe, a mad sadist, and a coward. Such mostly false caricature is not designed represent the historical person, but serve more to stick out a tongue at and shame the hipsters who now wear the iconic Che t-shirt. In fact, that coward-bigot image is quite unsupported by the historic Che's clear record. (The idea that Guevara was a coward also runs against the up close testimonies of both friends and enemies, the course of his life, and even the recollections of the Cuban-American CIA man who doggedly hunted Che down. The former expressed a final admiration for Che's personal courage.)The truer Che that comes across in the book -- although the author mostly fails to call Che out on it -- is a sincere and dangerous fanatic whose genuine sense of honor, along with other serious capacities for virtue in the forms of empathy, humor, heroism, literary expression, and personal thoughtfulness, is well outweighed by his embrace of dark and even monstrous perspectives. Those perspectives included an extreme Marxism-Leninism, a preference for cold-blooded violence, a ridiculously bigoted anti-Americanism/anti-Anglo-Saxonism, and a slavish gullibility towards the megalomaniacal totalitarian Fidel Castro, whose tyranny Che enabled and willingly inflicted.The author's too-favorable bias comes through more via omission and emphasis rather than in any distortion or willful obfuscation of fact. Anderson does appear to sincerely want to be fair. But he underplays quite a bit and may even excuse the remorseless killings which Che supervised and helped personally perform immediately following the Cuban revolution. On that occasion, hundreds were regularly executed in captivity and in cold blood, with barely the due process of a traffic ticket and sometimes with the presence of a lynch mob. Such was hardly a step up from the gangsterish Battista regime that Fidel and Che overthrew. Che's later mismanaging of Cuba's economy gets barely a touch as well, as far as I could tell, although we get overpowering detail elsewhere in the book on Che's guerrilla warfare logistics. (This often consists of seemingly endless accounts of Che and his acolytes executing deserters and those out-of-shape guerrilla comrades who get just too exhausted climbing hills.)Still, the strongly negative parts of Che's life and legacy are not concealed amidst the presentation of the paradoxically positive and attractive parts of his personality. Marxism appeals to the intelligent and compassionate Che immensely despite it being an idea so stupid and malevolent that the 19th century anarcho-communist Bakunin could precisely predict its repeated evil manifestations a generation before it was even tried. (Che ultimately finds the Soviet Union too relaxed, and Mao to be a better deal!)Che's anti-imperialism and communism are also shown to be infected with a lifelong simple-minded anti-gringo racism. This troublingly distorts his entire world view, and even inclines Che favorably towards wanting to see a global nuclear war between the US and USSR.Despite the author's defensiveness about Che, the suppression of freedom of expression and political pluralism by Che and the Castros in Cuba is clearly presented. Anderson even favorably includes a telling anecdote wherein a "bourgeois" assistant wittily and bravely confronts Che about it. And Che's descriptive summary of what constitute the sincere aims of his socialism -- workers are to become cogs in a vast machine of consumer goods production (yes, pretty much Guevara's precise words) -- sounds more like a nightmarish caricature of capitalism.The people, the masses, the peasants, and the workers, are material Che would save and transform -- human enough for pity but not serious enough to be trusted to rule and choose and trade for themselves. The book is clear about this worldview being Che's.Ultimately, a potentially good and caring soul was twisted, or twisted himself, into being a ruthless larger-than-life armed agent and apostle of violent totalitarianism. He was thus a sort of left-wing mid-20th century version of Osama bin-Laden. Rather than being a forceful voice and even fist against the Latin American class systems and a scourge of the political autocracies bequeathed by Spanish colonialism and reinforced by America's predatory and Cold War imperialisms, Che chose to subscribe to counter-tyranny, like bin-Laden.And so, by the book's end (should there be a SPOILER ALERT here??), when Che is summarily shot by the CIA-assisted Bolivian military, Anderson's book's content also allows you to conclude, from the stupendously researched facts marshalled within, that those agents of a different source of repression probably did the world a favor. By exiling Che from life and mischief into kitschy t-shirt immortality -- whatever the demerits of the killers' own causes and their summary justice -- they shut down a dangerously sincere, influential and charismatic force for evil.To Anderson's great credit, this book is honest and thorough enough to allow one to conclude the above even in the face of the author's mostly admiring tone and narrative.
Great, in depth, intricately researched book on Che. I thought it was pretty balanced; I saw the good and bad. Che was no saint, but he had profound compassion for the poor and underclasses and put his life on the line for his beliefs. But he also had a cruel, even brutal side. Certainly one of the last century's most fascinating characters.
This is a well researched work by an author who has had exceptional access to primary materials.The book describes Che's entire life and does not try to either idolize or demonize him. Instead, it shows a very complicated individual driven to achieve an unattainable world adhering to an unshakable purity of vision. Che's intelligence, his gift of leadership, as well as his mercilessness all come through in this work. I most highly recommend this well written work.
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